THIS DAY IN HISTORY>>1972 GOVERNOR GEORGE WALLACE SHOT

During an outdoor rally in Laurel, Maryland, George Wallace, the governor of Alabama and a presidential candidate, is shot by 21-year-old Arthur Bremer. Three others were wounded, and Wallace was permanently paralyzed from the waist down. The next day, while fighting for his life in a hospital, he won major primary victories in Michigan and Maryland. However, Wallace remained in the hospital for several months, bringing his third presidential campaign to an irrevocable end.

Wallace, one of the most controversial politicians in U.S. history, was elected governor of Alabama in 1962 under an ultra-segregationist platform. In his 1963 inaugural address, Wallace promised his white followers: "Segregation now! Segregation tomorrow! Segregation forever!" However, the promise lasted only six months. In June 1963, under federal pressure, he was forced to end his blockade of the University of Alabama and allow the enrollment of African American students.

Despite his failures in slowing the accelerating civil rights movement in the South, Wallace became a national spokesman for resistance to racial change and in 1964 entered the race for the U.S. presidency. Although defeated in most Democratic presidential primaries he entered, his modest successes demonstrated the extent of popular backlash against integration. In 1968, he made another strong run as the candidate of the American Independent Party and managed to get on the ballot in all 50 states. On Election Day, he drew 10 million votes from across the country.

In 1972, Governor Wallace returned to the Democratic Party for his third presidential campaign and, under a slightly more moderate platform, was showing promising returns when Arthur Bremer shot him on May 15, 1972. After his recovery, he faded from national prominence and made a poor showing in his fourth and final presidential campaign in 1979. During the 1980s, Wallace's politics shifted dramatically, especially in regard to race. He contacted civil rights leaders he had so forcibly opposed in the past and asked their forgiveness. In time, he gained the political support of Alabama's growing African American electorate and in 1983 was elected Alabama governor for the last time with their overwhelming support. During the next four years, the man who had promised segregation forever made more African American political appointments than any other figure in Alabama history.

He announced his retirement in 1986, telling the Alabama electorate in a tearful address that "I've climbed my last political mountain, but there are still some personal hills I must climb. But for now, I must pass the rope and the pick to another climber and say climb on, climb on to higher heights. Climb on 'til you reach the very peak. Then look back and wave at me. I, too, will still be climbing." He died in 1998.

1862

The U.S. Department of Agriculture was created by an act of Congress on this day.

1911

The Standard Oil Company, headed by John D. Rockefeller, was ordered dissolved by the Supreme Court, under the Sherman Antitrust Act.

1918

The first air mail route in the U.S. was established between New York and Washington, DC, with a stop at Philadelphia.

1930

On a United Airlines flight between San Francisco and Cheyenne, Wash., Ellen Church became the first airline stewardess.

1940

Nylon stockings went on sale for the first time in the United States.

1988

The Soviet Union began to withdraw its estimated 115,000 troops from Afghanistan.

BORN ON THIS DAY

Claudio Monteverdi, composer (1567)

Lyman Frank Baum, author (1856)

Pierre Curie, physicist (1859)

Katherine Anne Porter, author, (1890)

Richard Joseph Daley, political leader (1902)

James Mason, actor (1909)

Paul A. Samuelson, economist, (1915)

Richard Avedon, photographer, (1923)

Jasper Johns, artist (1930)

Madeleine Albright, government official, (1937)

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